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Cross-brand reference with EmersonEIMS field corrections.
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Field-tested standards used by EmersonEIMS engineers on real Kenyan sites — generators, ATS, switchboards, solar, motors, HVAC, boreholes and more.
Each brand has its own manual; no single source of truth.
Cross-brand reference with EmersonEIMS field corrections.
Consistent installs, fewer warranty disputes.
Standards in PDFs are rarely read on site.
Mobile-friendly, searchable bible with diagrams.
Standards actually applied on site.
No way to escalate from reference to engineer.
Every chapter links to the engineering desk for site help.
Real engineers on call when the bible isn't enough.
Complete schematics, wiring diagrams, troubleshooting guides, repair manuals, and parts catalogs for all 10 services. The definitive reference for power system technicians.
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Reference
A quick reference for the standards we design to, the unit conversions that trip people up, and the core formulas used across our service pages. Bookmark this — it is the engineering shorthand behind every quotation and commissioning sheet we produce.
Good power engineering is not opinion — it is conformance to recognised standards, and knowing which standard governs which decision is half of doing the job properly. The table below is the working set we design and verify against, from generator ratings to harmonic limits to corrosion protection.
| Standard | Governs |
|---|---|
| ISO 8528 | Generator-set ratings (ESP/PRP/COP), performance classes, tests |
| ISO 3046 | Engine power adjustment for site altitude/temperature |
| IEC 60034 | Rotating machines — efficiency classes (IE1–IE4), duty types |
| IEC 60076 | Power transformers — losses, ratings, temperature rise |
| IEC 60364 | Low-voltage electrical installations — design & verification |
| IEC 60909 | Short-circuit current calculation |
| IEC 61215 / 61730 | PV module performance & safety qualification |
| IEC 62040 | UPS — performance classification (VFI/VI/VFD) |
| IEEE 519 | Harmonic control limits (THD) |
| IEEE 1584 | Arc-flash hazard calculation |
| NFPA 110 | Emergency/standby power — test & maintenance |
| ISO 12944 / ISO 1461 | Corrosion protection by paint / hot-dip galvanizing |
A surprising number of sizing errors come from mixing units — quoting kVA against a kW load, or a US-ton cooling figure against a kW chiller. These are the conversions we use daily.
| From | To | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| kVA | kW | kW = kVA × PF (PF ≈ 0.8 for diesel sets) |
| kW | kVA | kVA = kW ÷ PF |
| Horsepower (HP) | kW | 1 HP ≈ 0.746 kW |
| Refrigeration ton (TR) | kW | 1 TR ≈ 3.517 kW (12,000 BTU/h) |
| BTU/h | kW | 1 kW ≈ 3,412 BTU/h |
| Peak sun hours (PSH) | kWh/kWp/day | 1 PSH ≈ 1 kWh per kWp (before losses) |
| Litres diesel | energy | ≈ 3.3–4.0 kWh electrical per litre (load-dependent) |
The core formulas behind our designs, gathered in one place. Each links conceptually to the service page where it is worked through with examples.
| Quantity | Formula | Used in |
|---|---|---|
| Apparent power | kVA = kW ÷ PF | Generators, UPS sizing |
| Altitude derate | P_site ≈ P_rated × (1−aΔh) × (1−bΔt) | Generator sizing (Kenya) |
| Solar array | kWp = E_daily ÷ (PSH × PR) | Solar sizing |
| Module temp power | P = P_stc × [1 + γ(T−25)] | Solar derating |
| Battery capacity | C = (E × Days) ÷ (DoD × η) | Solar / UPS storage |
| Affinity law (power) | P₂/P₁ = (N₂/N₁)³ | Motors / VFD energy |
| Capacitor kVAr | Q = P(tanφ₁ − tanφ₂) | Power-factor correction |
| Total dynamic head | TDH = static + drawdown + friction + pressure | Borehole pumps |
| Availability | A = MTBF ÷ (MTBF + MTTR) | Maintenance / UPS redundancy |
| Harmonic distortion | THD = √(ΣVₙ²) ÷ V₁ | Power quality |
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